Menstrual irregularity is a common health problem in women of reproductive age and manifests itself through deviations in the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle refers to the regular renewal of the inner lining of the uterus, depending on the hormone levels of women. A normal menstrual cycle usually lasts between 21 and 35 days and occurs on average every 28 days. However, situations such as menstrual bleeding starting earlier or later than expected, or bleeding being less or more than normal are called menstrual irregularity. This situation may be a sign of serious underlying health problems, or it may be caused by temporary hormonal changes.

Symptoms of Menstrual Irregularity

Irregular menstrual periods can manifest themselves in different ways and include the following symptoms:

Delayed or Early Menstrual Bleeding: Early or late menstruation that is not in the normal cycle.
Longer or Shorter Bleeding Duration: Menstrual bleeding lasting longer than 7 days or shorter than 2 days.
More or Less Bleeding Amount Than Normal: Extremely heavy or light bleeding.
Bleeding Between Periods: Unexpected bleeding that occurs outside of menstrual periods.
Severe Menstrual Pain: Menstrual periods that are more painful than normal, also known as dysmenorrhea.

Causes of Irregular Menstrual Periods
Causes of irregular menstrual periods range from hormonal imbalances to serious medical conditions. Here are the most common causes:

1. Hormonal Imbalances
Changes in the balance of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, are one of the most common causes of irregular periods. Hormonal imbalances can be associated with the following conditions:
Puberty and Menopause: Hormonal imbalance not being fully established during puberty or changing hormone levels during the pre-menopausal period.
Thyroid Problems: Thyroid gland disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can affect menstrual cycle.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This hormonal condition, which causes disruptions in the ovulation pattern, is directly related to irregular periods.

2. Stress and Psychological Factors
Intense stress can affect hormone production in the brain, leading to irregular menstrual cycles. Depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders can also cause changes in the menstrual cycle.
Excessive Weight Loss or Gain: Sudden weight changes can disrupt hormonal balance and affect the menstrual cycle.
Unbalanced Nutrition: Vitamin and mineral deficiencies, especially iron and B12 deficiencies, can affect menstrual cycles.

4. Physical Activity
Intense physical activity, especially in professional athletes, can affect hormone production in the body and cause irregular menstrual cycles.

5. Birth Control Methods
Hormonal birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) and other hormonal methods can cause changes in the menstrual cycle.

6. Diseases Related to Reproductive Organs
Myomas: Benign tumors that form in the uterus can intensify menstrual bleeding.

Endometriosis: This condition, which occurs when the inner layer of the uterus settles outside the uterus, can cause painful and irregular menstrual cycles.

Ovarian Cysts: Cysts that form in the ovaries can affect hormone production and cause irregular menstrual cycles.

Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled blood sugar can affect hormone balance and cause irregular menstrual cycles.
Increased Prolactin Levels: Excessive prolactin production by the pituitary gland in the brain can disrupt the menstrual cycle.

Diagnosis of Menstrual Irregularity

A comprehensive evaluation is required to determine the causes of menstrual irregularity. The diagnostic process usually includes the following steps:
Detailed Patient History: Detailed information is obtained regarding the menstrual cycle.
Physical Examination: Pelvic examination provides an evaluation of the reproductive organs.
Laboratory Tests: Blood tests are performed to evaluate hormone levels, thyroid function, and other blood values.
Imaging Methods: Ultrasound is used to detect abnormalities in the uterus or ovaries.

Treatment of Menstrual Irregularity

Treatment for menstrual irregularity varies depending on the underlying cause. Treatment options include:
Hormonal Therapies: Birth control pills can be used to balance hormone levels and ensure regular menstrual cycles.
Lifestyle Changes: Healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress management can help restore menstrual regularity.
Surgery: Surgery may be necessary for fibroids or other structural problems.
Drug Therapy: Appropriate medications may be prescribed for conditions such as thyroid disease or high prolactin levels.

When to See a Doctor?

Although irregular menstrual periods can sometimes be temporary, it is recommended to see a specialist in the following cases:
Irregular menstrual cycles lasting longer than three months.
Excessively heavy or prolonged bleeding.
Menstrual irregularities accompanied by severe pain.
Bleeding between periods.

Menstrual Irregularity Treatment at Private Jimer Hospital

Private Jimer Hospital provides services with modern diagnostic devices and expert physician staff to determine the causes of menstrual irregularity and apply appropriate treatment methods. It is aimed to control menstrual irregularity and increase the quality of life of women with personalized treatment approaches.
We are with you with comprehensive evaluation and effective treatment methods for your menstrual irregularity problems. We care about your health, we are here to help you.